Evaluating Microfinance Research Paper

Introduction In last few years, the randomized program evaluation has become the gold basis for evaluating the development programs and also the bread and butter of many development economists.   The evaluations sometimes uncover the valuable new information, but are contentious, and can also be prohibitively expensive to implement, for small NGO’s. Appreciating how the microfinance affects clients is not straightforward for the reason that there are several possible explanations for why, say, a borrower is doing well as compared to her non-borrowing peers. The credit may be helping–or conceivably the borrower was already comparatively prosperous and would have fared better even without the loan. These new papers clarify cause and effect by performing controlled experiments, in which a few parameters are arbitrarily varied and the effects measured. The idea of ‘experiments’ sounds good because it gives scientific legitimacy to what are in actual fact social phenomena marked by complex correlations, multiple variables, and extraneous and often invisible factors. Let us look at these reports to see just how ‘controlled’ they are. No discussion of microfinance can start without congratulating the recent awarding of one of this year’s Four Freedom awards to Muhammad Yunus. Since 1982 these bi-lateral awards which celebrate the Four Freedoms – freedom of speech and expression, freedom from want freedom of worship, and freedom from fear have been organized in collaboration with the Roosevelt Foundation in Zeeland.   Professor Yunus was given this prestigious award in celebration of his work in championing for the Freedom from want. The United States government’s principal aid agency, the Agency for International Development, universally known as USAID, is the leading donor for microenterprise development.   This aid reaches more than 3.85 million households and entrepreneurs worldwide through the USAID’s support of NGOs, credit union networks, and financial institutions, and credit union networks. America and microfinance Both the Americans and the Dutch, are familiar from their experience in developing countries that microfinance can be successful in that it empowers the poor by creating higher incomes and more jobs, promotes macroeconomic growth and stabilization. It also encourages the economic and social inclusion and also distinguishes that societies face similar challenges of poverty and unrestricted economic opportunity.   But how, then, can both countries use microfinance in the developed market economies to help eradicate poverty in our own countries? This is a noble and complicated question and many of the sharpest economic minds, are applying their expertise and experience to devising more creative solutions.    To appreciate the current microfinance paradigm in the U.S. today, one needs to first distinguish how the market economy influences the development and relevance of microfinance programs.   But while both the Grameen Bank and the U.S. share the goal of alleviating poverty, eac h must meet that the difference of opinion under fundamentally different economic conditions. For the microfinance programs in the U.S. it means competing in the financial market which is dominated by the healthy commercial credit.   Banks and other lending institutions in the United States have been slow to develop the microfinance concepts because they face strong competition, they have lower profit margins, and carry greater risks than mainstream lending practices ( Fuglesang, 243)The very nature of microfinance is the small financial transactions, such as weekly collection, which needs more labor, thus resulting in higher costs per loan for the financial institution. For any institutions seeking profit and financial resources, they are not able to recoup these transaction costs through the higher interest rates which are regularly charged in the developing countries due to American regulations.  But profitability is fundamental to the future growth of the American microfinan ce as it must compete with the more established financial services such as the credit cards and check-cashing which targets those with lower wage earnings.  In addition to the commercial lending infrastructure, the U.S. presents other systemic market challenges to the function and growth of microfinance tools and the business licensing requirements and market saturation stops many of the poor from successfully launching their personal service businesses such as food preparation, childcare, or hair care.   These challenges are firmly entrenched in the American economy and so too, is the American Dream.  The pull of the American Dream is very tough and in response, many microfinance providers label their services as microenterprise and aims at the microentrepeneurs. But sadly, insufficient collateral, poor credit, and the lack of business education can discourage the poor and other minorities from engaging fully in building the American economy better.   The microfinance princ iples supplies the framework for larger economic inclusion of the socially and the economically marginalized. But unfortunately the government’s programs are not big enough to make available the funding for all who applies for it.   In such a vacuum, not-for-profit and private lenders have biologically proliferated and tended to diversify their services, together with the savings, technical assistance, and business training. Currently, there are about 650 organizations that define themselves as involved in microenterprise development or microfinancing.   However, the definitions differ, but in the U.S. the terms most frequently refer to services for a business with five or fewer employees needing less than $35,000 in start-up capital.  Private, for-profit lenders have also stepped in to make available microfinancing services and with the technology now connecting lenders and borrowers, websites such as Circle-Lending and Prosper.com have produced a market for themselves by linking the private individual lenders with borrowers.   Even though these are normally classified as personal loans, they are a creative response to the requirement to finance innovative ideas.  Ã‚   The assimilation into the bigger economy through the small business ownership is an essential pillar for the overall social cohesion since it combats the feelings of alienation and strengthens the feelings of social belonging.   Women report an increased feeling of independence from receiving a business loan from a micro-lender and thus ensuing in running their own business.   This feeling of economic empowerment normally spills into other areas of civic participation, as well as the deepening of the community networks and some increased political integration. But despite the well-developed financial fields in both countries, some groups, mostly recent the immigrants and minorities, still do not have access to the capital they need so as to launch or augment their small bus iness and fully integrate into mainstream markets.   These persons do not want charity, but instead want opportunities and through the targeted loans to the poor, microfinance promises to generate new livelihoods and enhanced capability for self-improvement. In spite of how much developed a country’s economy is, the microfinance tools can often make the difference required so as to move the marginalized persons and families out of poverty and into the mainstream (Bhatt, 345) Social Impact – Profit vs. Development Benefits First, there is an intrinsic tradeoff between microfinance as a business and as a development tool. Microfinance will predominantly benefit one of two stakeholders commercial enterprises and their shareholders, or poor borrowers. So, how might one test this assertion? By evaluating the interest rates presented by MFI’s and asking the following questions may offer a few clues: How do MFI rates measure up to with what a money-lender was offering? And how do they measure up to those of Grameen Bank – which says it can offer lower interest rates by being ‘non-loss, non-dividend’? Is there a trend towards the higher interest rates and the higher the commercial pressure on an organization? Do the banks offer higher rates than independent MFIs, than grassroots NGOs? Did an MFI’s interest rates go up after it partnered with a bank? Have aggregate interest rates gone up over time, as the need to prove development benefits has gone down? This is an essential test, because if true it lets us to categorize MFIs into two groups and then test for development impact across them and it might also show that most MFIs today embrace the rhetoric of a ‘market based development solution’, by ignoring the fact that development benefits mount up only when the solution is priced somewhat below the market rate as set by the money-lender. This is to say that the major benefit of these providers is to develop the market by bringing in external funds, not any development impact, per se ((Adams, 456) Generating Enterprise – Equity vs. Debt My second contention is that microfinance is intrinsically flawed as a tool to create any sustainable enterprise. Studies show that microfinance ends up funding consumption of individuals and this may well be commendable in itself. But if our goal is to create an enterprise for a long-term economic growth how then can microfinance be more effective? The problem is that the incentives of MFIs are not leaning towards generating sustainable enterprise, but they are oriented basically towards the repayment of loans. However, the latter is not an indication of success of the former and one way to generate private enterprise through the market might then be to use the equity, not debt, to fund the micro and small entrepreneurs. So, here is another test. Do these organizations which take equity stakes in micro and small enterprises (MSE) have a better incubation success rate than the microfinance providers? A good example of a success microfinance success is the Grameen Bank which is a Bangledesh organization that gives small loans to the poor and needy families in order to help those families establish themselves. And for its success story, the Grameen Bank and its founder Muhammad Yunus were recently awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on (Fuglesang, 167) Micro lending But is micro finance effective and does micro credit decrease poverty? The Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (or CGAP) points out that investigational evidence documents that micro finance can alleviate poverty, improve the status of women, increase their education, and maternal health. The empirical evidence shows that, among the poor, those who are in microfinance programs and had access to financial services were able to progress their well-being both at the individual and household level much more than those who did not have right of entry to financial services. Particularly they point to the statistical evidence of a spectacular positive effect on poverty. For instance, the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) clients increased their household expenditures by 28% and assets by 112 per cent and after more than eight years of borrowing. It was noted that 57.5% of Grameen borrower households were no longer poor as contrasted to 18% of non-borrower households (Ahmed, 45 ) In the city of Lombok, in Indonesia, the standard income of Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) borrowers amplified by 112%, and 90% of households moved out of poverty while in Vietnam, the organization called Save the Children customers condensed the food deficits from three months to one month. And at Kafo Jiginew in Mali, customers who have been with program for as little time as one year were extensively less likely to have experienced a period of acute food insecurity than those that had experienced the food shortage in the shorter period. But those with the need to evaluate the economic and social impact and the appropriately named â€Å"double bottom line† of micro lending CGAP’s need not look far, but in the microfinance organizations. References Fuglesang and D. Chandler, Participation as a Process what we can learn from Grameen Bank, NORAD, Oslo, 1986. Adams, Dale W. , â€Å"The economics of loans to informal groups of small farmers in low income countries,† (Columbus, Ohio: Agricultural Finance Program, Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Ohio State University, 1978). Ahmed, M.U. â€Å"Financing Rural Industries in Bangladesh,† The Bangladesh Development Studies, Vol.12, No 12, Special Issue on Rural Industrialisation in Bangladesh, 1984. Bhatt, N. Microenterprise development and the entrepreneurial poor: including the excluded? Public Administration and Development, (1997). 17, 371-386.

Comic Books Effects on Children Essay - 1341 Words

History 129 research paper 11/8/11 1,282 words What if I were to tell you that we could fix all of society’s problems today by getting rid of one of our most profitable media outlets and national past-times? You might ask which media outlet I’m talking about and that is comic books. Comic books have always received flak when it came to how influential they are to children, with scenes of graphic violence, criminal acts of mischief, and over-bearing sexual exploits. Many parents, schools, and communities have also noticed some of the crazy things that go on in comic books and have banded together to try and ban them because they are in fear that these comic books are poisoning our children’s minds to make them believe that committing†¦show more content†¦With no stable foundation or understanding of what society expects of you, it’s hard to live a life and make decisions ethically. A solid percent of the time, these kids that grow up in areas like those only have one option which is gang life. Does that lead to anywhere positive? Gang life leads to a life with constant stress and anxiety because of the thought that you never know when your time is up and to a brutal and unforgiving personality and way of looking at life. Gang-bangers have one objective in mind when it comes to their life and it’s themselves’. Now some of you may say well, â€Å"I’m looking out for my well-being too†, but do you steal from others or kill someone for the simple fact that they don’t wear the same colors as you? Not a right person in their mind would do this because they understand the importance of humanity as aShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Comic Books On Children942 Words   |  4 Pagessomewhat innate deep fear rooted in children that would become an overwhelming emotion when exposed to violence in society. 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During Human History, the comics were adapted to each time events. It is possible to notice not only in the creation of Captain America in the 40’s to support the soldiers in the World War II but also the attack to the World Trade Center Building in 2001. Sexuality issues were also inserted in the comics to debate contemporary subjects to show that comics can change, tell stories of real people andRead MoreThe Cold War Between The United States Of America And The Soviet Union1501 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence worldwide. Various pieces of propaganda and articles written during the time had largely impacted American popular opinion and had powerful effects on the culture among young men and women of the 1940’s and 1950’s. â€Å"The Red Iceberg† comic book cover, published and presented during the Cold War era, was one use of media that perpetuated the negative effects of Soviet Union political influence while promoting the righteousness of the United States. 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Causes of Revolutionary War Essay Example For Students

Causes of Revolutionary War Essay During the late seventeen hundreds, many tumultuous events resulted in Colonial opposition to Great Britain. The conditions of rights of the colonists will slowly be changed as the constriction of the parliament becomes more and more intolerable. During the Seven Years War England was not only alarmed by the colonists insistence on trading with the enemy, but also with Boston merchants hiring James Otis inorder to protest the legality of the writs of assistance (general search warrants) used to hunt out smuggled goods. let the parliament lay what burthens they please on us, we must, it is our duty to submit and patiently bear them, till they will be pleased to relieve us.. ... This is a very strong dictum, that in 1764, the colonists were of a submissive nature, and were weakly pleading for self-autonomy. This small fire of anger will become a huge conflagration as the rights are slowly rescinded. On October 19, 1765 the Stamp Act Congress and Parliamentary Taxation committees passed some laws that attempted to strengthen the grip of the English crown. I.That his Majestys subjects in these colonies, owe the same allegiance to the Crown of Great Britain that is owing from his subjects born within the realm, and all due subordination to that august body, the Parliament of Great Britain. This statement can be used as a summation of the entire document that the Stamp Act Congress had initiated. The statement depicts the colonists has having to be submissive and servile in the view of Great Britain, this policy angered the colonists very much, and was another component of the transition of the colonists rights and liberties. When the Declatory Act was passed in March of 1766, many colonies were attempting to claim that they were seceding from England. Whereas several of the houses of representatives in his Majestys colonies and plantations in America, have of late, against law, or to the general assemblies of the same, the sole and exclusive right of imposing duties and taxes upon his Majestys subjects in the said colonies. be it declared ., that the said colonies and plantations in America, have been, are, and of right ought to be, subordinate unto, and dependent upon the imperial Crown and Parliament of Great Britain;. The Parliament of course denounced the attempt at independance and still dogmatilcally passed the following law to show that the colonists were still british subjects. Again, the colonists were infuriated and later will resist the british imperialism on the All before, are calculated to regulate trade, and preserve prpromote a mutually beneficial intercourse between the several constituent parts of the empite, yet those duties were always imposed with design to restrain the commerce of one part. This statement by the colonist (John Dickinson), shows that th sole rason for new taxes is just for the British govt to make money, at the expense of the economy of the colonies. Dickinson makes a important distinction between the rights of the colonies and the authority of the parliament. Dickinsons comments were ubiquitous among the colonists, and thus infuriated them to rebellion, and the seizure of From necessity of the case, and a regard to the mutual interest of both countries, we cheerfully consent to the operation of such acts of the British parliament as are bona fide restrained to the regulation of our external commerce, for the purpose of securing the commercial advantages of the whole empire to the mother country, and the commercial benefits of its respective members excluding every idea of taxation, internal or external, for raising a revenue on the subjects in America without their consent . The continental congress had presented its colonial rights. These rights enable the colonies to be more autonomous with exception to those several states who are under the british control. .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e , .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e .postImageUrl , .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e , .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e:hover , .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e:visited , .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e:active { border:0!important; } .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e:active , .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue4956326e36c05fb2286e291e996955e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: North Korea Essay One important element of the document, is the idea of taxation without representation; the said that raising taxes without consent was illegal and that the commercial benefits of the colony should be shared within the colonies, instead of England becoming more and more economically prosperous. The whole idea of mercantilism was about to be crushed, due to this idea, of self-autonomy with respect to colonial economics. Ye that oppose independence now, ye .

Willy (death of a salesman) vs Essay Example For Students

Willy (death of a salesman) vs Essay Willy (Death of A Salesman) Vs Walter (A Raisin in the Sun)A good drama is based on a strong set of characters. For instance, a good collection of characters will lead the audience to identify the characters with something in the real world and get emotionally involved with the characters. Every individual has its own character, which is composed of personalities, behaviors and individualities. The audience compare characters to evaluate and relate the characters experiences to their own lives. By possessing the ability to understand characters identities from different dramas, the audience can draw comparisons. Willy Loman from Death of a Salesman, and Walter Lee Younger from A Raisin in the Sun, play a big part in the outcome of their respective drama and show a lot of similarity in their principles while differences in personality lead them to different endings. We will write a custom essay on Willy (death of a salesman) vs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Willy, a salesman, has high hopes for himself and his sons, but ends up with all his dreams crushed. Willy is the main character in Death of a Salesman. He is a father of two sons, Biff and Happy, and husband to Linda, a housewife. Willy often lapses into the past and talks to himself. He believes physical appearance to be the catalyst of a successful career; however, his sons, who are well built and attractive, turned out to be failures: Biff Loman is lost. In the greatest country in the world a young man with such-personal attractiveness, gets lost.(Discovering Literature, 1215) His high expectation for his sons and their failure hurt him. Willy pretends to be a successful man in front of his wife. In addition, Willy does not like his wife to mend stockings, because he feels guilty for giving stockings to his mistress and not his wife: Willy (angrily taking the stocking from her wife): I wont have you mending stockings in this house! Now throw them out! (Discovering Literature, 12 28) At last, Willy kills himself, because he needs to clear his conscience for being unfaithful to his wife and escape his problems. On the other hand, Walter, a chauffeur, dreams of being rich but his first try in business fails miserably. He is the husband to Ruth and father to Travis in A Raisin in the Sun. Walter lives in a time when segregation has just ended. Therefore, Walters desire to break free from his white employer is very strong. Walter is childish and immature. For instance, when he is forced to make a decision about his wifes pregnancy, he indirectly agrees to Ruths decision to abortion. His mother is disappointed by her sons weakness: If you a son of mine, tell her! (Walter picks up his keys and his coat and walks out. She continues, bitterly.) You†¦you are a disgrace to your fathers memory. (Discovering Literature, 1318) Then, Walter decides to joint venture with his friends to start a liquor store using the insurance money from his fathers death. His ignoranc e to the business world eventually costs him all his money. One of Walters business partners steals his money, and Walter learns from that incident but it comes at a high price. However, Walters mother thinks although the money is lost, her son has come out as a better person: He finally come into his manhood today, didnt he? Kind of like a rainbow after the rain†¦.. (Discovering Literature, 1359)Willy and Walter are very similar in many ways. For instance, they love their family. Walters intention to become rich is driven by his wish to give his family a better life: Walter (rising and coming to her and standing over her): You tired, aint you? Tired of everything. Me, the boy, the way we live-this beat-up hole-everything. Aint you? (Discovering Literature, 1295) Meanwhile, Willys love for his sons is unquestionable. Many instances in the play he would lapse into the past before he drifted apart from his sons: Remarkable. Ts. Remember those days? The way Biff used to simonize t hat car? The dealer refused to believe there was eighty thousand miles on it. (Discovering Literature, 1216) In addition, both characters share a desire to be successful. Willy is an admirer of his brother, a successful entrepreneur, and wants to be like him. Also, his brother offers Willy a place in Alaska, but Willy wants to be successful in his own city to prove himself: Willy: Well do it here, Ben! You hear me? Were gonna do it here! (Discovering Literature, 1253) At the same time, Walter wants to break free from his white employer and be a successful liquor merchant. Lastly, the final similarity is that both of them fail to become rich and known. Walter loses his money to a con man and Willy did not have the luck to become a successful salesman. .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 , .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 .postImageUrl , .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 , .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91:hover , .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91:visited , .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91:active { border:0!important; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91:active , .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91 .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0b470e0230d5efdb39186a43161b3a91:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Edgar Allan Poe Essay IntroductionAlthough Walter and Willy are similar, they are also unique characters with different personalities. Although both of them are unsuccessful in becoming rich, how they deal with this failure is different. Walter is young and has more chances. So, he is able to recover from his disappointment in a short period of time. However, Willy is already an old man so his frustration is more profound which eventually, along with other circumstances, leads him to commit suicide. Both of them are also different in terms of their position in their family. Willy is the head of his family while Walter follows his mothers orders. Walter cannot make a decisi on without consulting and getting his mothers approval; however, Willy sets the rules for his house. Willy and Walter are characters with a strong drive toward success but inevitably due to lifes cruel fate ends up losing everything. They share the same fate but the outcome of their failure is different. Both Willy and Walter are good characters with strong personalities to capture the audiences attention. Inevitably, the viewers will make comparison between themselves and the characters because of their similar goal. Works Cited List. 1. Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman.Discovering Literature: Stories, Poems, Plays Second Edition. Ed. Hans P. Guth, Gabriele L. Rico. Upper Saddle River, 1997. 1210-1286. 2. Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun.Discovering Literature: Stories, Poems, Plays Second Edition. Ed. Hans P.Guth, Gabriele L. Rico. Upper Saddle River, 1997. 1287-1359.

PSYC110 week 5 written assignment Essays - Human Behavior

PSYC110 week 5 written assignment Essays - Human Behavior PSYC110 week 5 written assignment D01670103 PSYC110 week 5 written assignment Sensation seeking a personality trait associated with a preference for high levels of sensory stimulation, often achieved by engaging in risk-taking behaviors and adopting non-conventional lifestyles. I somehow feel that Im in a balance for sensation seeking. Sometimes I do feel like to do things that are out of my capability simply just to try out where my limits are. I used to hate smokers but I wanted to try it out myself so I started smoking and now I am a smoker, which I see it as a disadvantage because smoking is bad for health but I do enjoy the process of smoking. Back in my home country, people see others as a bad person when he or she has piercing and tattoo, but my point of view is not necessarily every person with a tattoo or piercing is bad people who commit crimes. I personally think that Im a good person and I do have tattoos and piercing, which does not mean that I am a bad person. Certain people achieve more in their lives than others, often because they are more driven to seek out accomplishments. These differences in the internal desire to achieve things is what the Achievement Motivation Theory attempts to explain. In other words, the theory outlines the internal processes within human beings that can explain why certain people are extremely driven to achieve while others are motivated by other things. When I was studying in Malaysia, the disadvantage of achievement motivation would be not getting to know each other as individuals and lacking the feeling for my classmates and my achievement motivation would be competiveness. Asian education system is very stressful compare to the US. I know that because I am one of the Asians who get good grades studying in the US but failing in most of my subjects in Malaysia and barely even passed my high-school diploma. The advantages for me would be when studying in a less stressful environment I will get better grades, but in my situation the disadvantages would be studying abroad where I have to leave my family and friends for some time. A trait can be thought of as a relatively stable characteristic that causes individuals to behave in certain ways. The trait approach to personality is one of the major theoretical areas in the study of personality. The trait theory suggests that individual personalities are composed of these broad dispositions. Unlike many other theories of personality, such as psychoanalytic or humanistic theories, the trait approach to personality is focused on differences between individuals. It is good for me to take a look at what was passed down to me from my father and mother as well as my grandparents. These are some of the things that make me who I am as an individual and as a man. When I look at myself as a whole I do understand who I am as well as where I from. For example, my parents thought me to be a good person, when I was a kid they often bring me out to do volunteer work to help out in orphanage and old folks home so I followed their footsteps and form a charity club in Malaysia wor king together with the Lions Club in Malaysia, gathered a large group of youth and spread the spirit around to continue helping those in need. When reading about the Trait Theory most people become dominating out of insecurity, or a fear of being weak. I've often heard children say that they "can't wait until they bare grown up, and then they can tell people what to do." It's a childish trait, so it makes sense that this desire would stem from childhood. Again, when reading

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